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Topic Index

Sodium Percarbonate Sodium Perborate Calcium Peroxide
Magnesium Peroxide Zinc Peroxide Potassium Monopersulfate
Urea Hydrogen Peroxide Thiourea Dioxide Tetra Acetyl Ethylene Diamine
Synthetic Magnesium Silicate Adsorbent  
   

Question Index

1. What is sodium percarbonate?
2. What are the applications of sodium percarbonate?
3. What are the advantages of sodium percarbonate?
4. Why is Shangyuchem believed to be a reliable supplier of sodium percarbonate in the world market?
5. Whatçs the difference between the coated and uncoated sodium percarbonate?
6. How to make sodium percarbonate based oxygen bleach system stable in powder detergent formulations?
7. What's the amount of sodium percarbonate to be formulated in bleach and detergent compositions?
8. What is sodium perborate?
9. What are the differences between sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate?
10. Sodium perborate in detergent and bleach formulations.
11. Sodium perborate monohydrate incorporated in tooth bleach compositions.
12. What is calcium peroxide?
13. What are the applications of calcium peroxide?
14. Why use calcium peroxide for fertilizing plants?
15. Application of calcium peroxide in Aquaculture.
16. Calcium peroxide in groundwater remediation.
17. Process to retain freshness of fruits, foods, etc. with calcium peroxide.
18. Process for removing organic impurities while melting mineral compositions with calcium peroxide.
19. Application tips of calcium peroxide in other fields.
20. What is magnesium peroxide?
21. Comparison of bioremediation effects among sodium percarbonate, calcium peroxide, magnesium peroxide as oxygen release compounds.
22. What is bioremediation?
23. Bioremediation with magnesium peroxide.
24. Whatçs zinc peroxide?
25. What are the applications of zinc peroxide?
26. Zinc peroxide compound used in the blowing composition in preparing foamed synthetic resin products.
27. Use of zinc peroxide as oxidant for explosives and pyrotechnical mixtures.
28. Applications of potassium monopersulfate in sanitizing swimming pools and spas.
29. Application of potassium monopersulfate in precious metal extraction process.
30. What is urea hydrogen peroxide?
31. Preparing alcohol with urea hydrogen peroxide.
32. Chemical mechanical polishing method useful for copper substrates.
33. Personal care applications with carbamide peroxide.
34. What is thiourea dioxide?
35. Why thiourea dioxide is popular in textile dyeing?
36. Pulp bleaching chemicals and the bleaching benefits using thiourea dioxide.
37. Why use TAED in oxygen bleach system?
38. Laundry hygiene benefits with activated bleach system.
39. Textile bleaching with TAED activator.
40. Oxygen bleaching of pulp using TAED activator.
41. The TAED/Sodium Perborate ratio in detergent formulations
42. TAED in detergent and bleach formulations.
43. Use of synthetic magnesium silicate adsorbent in the removal of catalysts from polyether polyols.

1. What is sodium percarbonate?

Sodium percarbonate (or sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate) is an addition compound of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide. When dissolved into water, its releases H2O2 and soda ash (sodium carbonate). 
2Na2CO3 . 3H2O2 ---> 2Na2CO3 + 3H2O2
The pH of the resulting solution is typically alkaline, which activates the H2O2 for bleaching. The dry powder contains about 30% w/w H2O2.

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2. What are the applications of sodium percarbonate?

Sodium percrabonate has a wide range of applications in various solid detergent products and all fabric bleaches. We may also find its usages in oxygen release compositions, personal care formulations, disinfectants, food bleaches, pulp and paper bleaches and textile bleaches, etc.

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3. What are the advantages of sodium percarbonate?

Compared with chlorine bleaching chemicals that have contaminations on the environment, sodium percarbonate is an environmentally friendly chemical which decomposes into oxygen, water and natural soda ash when in contact with hydrous media.
Sodium percarbonate is increasingly being the substitute for sodium perborate in detergent formulations due to its lower dissolving temperature in water, as well as the characteristic of no contamination on soil, as sodium perborate is made of borax which is found to have negative impact on the soil quality.
Detergent or bleach compositions formulated with sodium percarbonate have an strong stain removal capability. It is very effective as a laundry presoak for heavily stained articles. It is color safe. It brightens colors and prevent fabric form become yellowed or darkened.
Sodium percarbonate is effective as a disinfectant on both bacteria and virus. Itçs an excellent ingredient in personal care and home care formulations for hygiene.
For its environmental advantages, sodium percarbonate is a good oxygen release chemical for agricultural and aquicultural applications. 

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4. Why is Shangyuchem believed to be a reliable supplier of sodium percarbonate in the world market?

Shangyuchem has been producing sodium percarbonate for more than a decade. Due to its abundant R & D investment and tech innovation, Shangyuchem is able to provide its customers with different specs of quality coated and uncoated sodium percarbonate. Shangyuchem currently has a production capability of 100,000mt annually which can meet customers?increasing demands on a sustainable base. Youçll feel satisfied with the cooperation with Shangyuchem not only for the reason of good product quality, timely and safe delivery, but also the excellent after market service and tech support.
Shangyuchem runs its business on the base of honesty and integrity, Shangyuchem is fully participated in meeting customers?demands.

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5. Whatçs the difference between the coated and uncoated sodium percarbonate?

Sodium percarbonate is used as an active oxygen component in detergents, bleaches and cleaning agents. Due to the unsatisfactory storage stability of the uncoated sodium percarbonate in warm/moist surroundings and in the presence of certain detergent and cleaning agent components, sodium percarbonate must be stabilized against the loss of active oxygen. An essential principle of stabilization involves encasing the sodium percarbonate particles in a coating of components having a stabilizing action. Here comes the definetion: the coated sodium percarbonate is the sodium percarbonate crystals coated with single or multiple layers of various substances in order to increase active oxygen stability and optimize storage and ensiling properties. 
Coated sodium percarbonate is the more commonly commercialized peroxide compared with the uncoated sodium percarbonate. But the uncoated product is still the preferred ingredient for simply mixing with enough quantity of soda ash and some surfactants to form the popular oxygen bleaches.

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6. How to make PCS based oxygen bleach system stable in powder detergent formulations?

Detergent compositions containing sodium percarbonate are known in the art. Sodium percarbonate is an attractive perhydrate for use in detergent compositions because it dissolves readily in water, is weight efficient and, after giving up its available oxygen, provides a useful source of carbonate ions for detergency purposes. 
However, the inclusion of percarbonate salts in detergent compositions has been restricted by the relative instability of the bleach both as is and in use. Sodium percarbonate loses its available oxygen at a significant rate in the presence of ions of heavy metals such as iron, copper and manganese and also in the presence of moisture, these effects being accelerated at temperatures in excess of about 30.degree. C. To solve this problem, several solutions have been found.
1, Sodium percarbonate is coated with a hydrophobic substance or the like.
2, Magnesium silicate is incorporated in a detergent composition containing sodium percarbonate.
3, A chelating agent which forms an easily water-soluble metal chelated compound such as nitrilotriacetate (NTA) or ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA) is incorporated in a detergent composition. 
4, Zeolite A is replaced by maximum aluminium zeolite P (zeolite MAP) since zeolite MAP itself is of greater liquid carrying capacity than zeolite A.
5,The elimination of impurities, such as heavy metals which catalyze the decomposition reaction during detergent processing, alleviates the instability of aqueous SCP solutions. 
6, Provide sufficient sodium carbonate in the composition to be able to combine with all of the available water in the composition to form sodium carbonate monohydrate. the term "available water" includes water chemically available as hydrogen peroxide, water of crystallization of sodium carbonate hydrates and free water which may temporarily exist in the composition.

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7. What's the amount of sodium percarbonate to be formulated in bleach and detergent compositions?

Oxygen Bleach Type            

Ingredients

% By WT.

Home Laundry Bleach

Premium Grade

Sodium Percarbonate

25.0  

Soda Ash

50.0

Nonionic Surfactant

3.0

Sodium Sulfate

22.0

Total

100.0

Home Laundry Bleach

Economy Grade

Sodium Percarbonate

25.0

Soda Ash

75.0

Total

100.0

Home Laundry Bleach

Concentrated Grade

Sodium Percarbonate

80.0

Soda Ash

20.0

Total

100.0

Institutional Laundry Bleach

Sodium Percarbonate

80.0

Soda Ash

20.0

Total

100.0

Concrete Cleaner

Sodium Percarbonate

78.0

Soda Ash

20.0

Nonionic Surfactant

2.0

Total

100.0

Vinyl Siding Cleaner

Sodium Percarbonate

28.0

Soda Ash

72.0

Total

100.0

Wood Deck Cleaner and Stain Remover

Sodium Percarbonate

80.0

Soda Ash

10.0

Sodium Tripolyphosphate

10.0

Total

100.0

Marine Teak Cleaner

Sodium Percarbonate

58.0

Soda Ash

40.0

Nonionic Surfactant

2.0

Total

100.0

Powder dertergents            

Ingredients

% By WT.

Standard detergent base

PCS(8~15%, by WT.)

Sodium Percarbonate

12.5

Soda Ash

16.4

Nonionic Surfactant

4.1

Linear alkylbenzene sulphonate

9.0

Zeolite MAP (as anhydrous)

37.7

Acrylic/maleic copolymer

4.0

Sodium alkaline silicate

0.6

SCMC

0.8

Fluorescer

0.3

Soap

2.5

  Moisture (nominal) 12,2
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8. What is sodium perborate?

Sodium perborate usually exists in two forms, tetrahydrated and monohydrated. Sodium perborate tetrahydrate is obtained by addition of hydrogen peroxide to a sodium metaborate solution at a temperature close to 20.degree. C. Sodium perborate monohydrate is produced by dehydrating sodium perborate tetrahydrate in a fluid bed with heated air. Sodium perborate releases nascent oxygen at elevated temperatures, and so acts as a hydrogen peroxide bleach. The monohydrated form is essentially showing three advantages in comparison with the tetrahydrated form: a higher content of available oxygen, a higher heat stability and a higher dissolution rate into water. Sodium perborate has been in detergent and personal care formulations for many years. Its oxidative power improves the cleaning, bleaching, stain removal and deodorizing performance of powder detergent formulations, all fabric dry bleachs, denture cleaners, automatic dishwasher detergents and various institutional and industrial laundry products. Itçs main disadvantage is that the bleaching action only takes place at elevated temperatures. To release itçs bleaching action at lower temperatures, an activator must be added.

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9. What are the differences between sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate?

Both sodium